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Business - Written by on Thursday, January 4, 2007 14:41 - 4 Comments

Denis Hancock
Google and risks of “winner takes all”

Rick Skentra has a fascinating post in regards to Google and their established dominance online. The discussion I find most interesting is the tie between zero switching costs and a “winner takes all” marketplace that have worked to Google’s advantage. In his words:

Zero switching costs lead to a winner-take-all market for the leader. Even a modest initial lead will snowball until majority market share is reached and maintained. This is because, faced with a choice between two products, in the absence of switching costs users will choose the better one, even if it is only slightly better.

He goes on to articulate that even if a competitor closes the functionality gap, they then must overcome the brand perception gap, which may be even more difficult. In turn, he recommends that Yahoo! (and assumedly all others) should “accept Google’s search and monetization dominance” and act accordingly, because they will never recover from Google’s lead. To sum up, he says:

The interregnum between the end of the PC era and the rise of the online world has concluded, and Google is the new king of forward market growth in computing and software technology.

Rick may very well be right, but there is one glaring emission in his analysis. Not once does he really entertain the notion that someone could not only close the gap, but also come up with a better search process than Google. What then?

If you buy the “winner takes all” argument, zero switching costs, and the ability for a modest lead to snowball into total market dominance, there is at least a theoretical foundation for a process where Google – a $142 billion company by market cap – could be reduced to almost nothing at a breathtaking speed. This stands in contrast to most other long standing companies, and even Microsoft in the PC era to whom Google’s recent success is often compared. Microsoft’s early software dominance came with extraordinary switching costs and network effects built in – which in many cases they continue to enjoy (or exploit, depending on your opinion of them).

Now I’m not arguing that Google is going to vanish, or even that their dominance will be seriously challenged in the forseeable future. Some barriers to entry and switching costs continue to evolve, particularly around the search technology itself, the ad network and partners signed into it, and other interesting pieces that seem to evolve daily. But as good as Google is relative to the current competition, I continue to be astounded by how silly, redundent, or just plain useless many links provided to me by them are – and how annoying and unrelated many of the ads can be. Is it really inconcievable that someone can do better someday?

Maybe Yahoo!, Microsoft, or even Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales (through the recently announced Wikiasari project) will come up with something good enough to draw people away. Maybe someone working away on Alexa’s web search platform beta right now will do it. At the same time, maybe a company like Quigo will take over the ad networks online, benefiting from it’s perception of independence and a growing weariness of Google’s dominance. Heck, maybe the whole business just gets commoditized rapidly – prehaps even driven by Google competitors attacking their cash cow in the same way Google is now attacking Microsoft’s. Who knows?

The game’s not over yet by any stretch of the imagination. Winner takes all sure seems to have defined Google’s rapid rise to dominate the web, and Google is using their established strength to push out in many different directions. But ceding the established terrain to them doesn’t neccesarily make sense – and the stock market in particular may not be properly pricing in the risks that Google is facing. If the game changes the same powerful effects Google enjoyed on its way up could work against them on the way down…



4 Comments

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Brig
Jan 4, 2007 19:26

You know, I think the possibility of a better search & monetization tool coming out that kills Google’s user base is why Google is throwing a lot of effort towards building up switching costs now with stuff like gmail and google checkout. But as Yahoo saw, just having an email account with Yahoo doesn’t mean your preferred search engine is always Yahoo.

Damon Billian
Jan 5, 2007 1:12

“He goes on to articulate that even if a competitor closes the functionality gap, they then must overcome the brand perception gap, which may be even more difficult. In turn, he recommends that Yahoo! (and assumedly all others) should “accept Google’s search and monetization dominance” and act accordingly, because they will never recover from Google’s lead. ”

I am kind of surprised at this analysis. After all, how people have searched the internet has changed a great deal in the past ten years, with many companies changing leads during that span of time. Remember things like Metacrawler, etc.? Many of these were dominant at their time & lost their luster when someone came along with something better. In addition, having a lot of money at stake in the search business does mean that someone is always go to look for ways to innovate over the existing market leader(s).

Tedbits
Jan 5, 2007 7:34

The successful search engine of the future will be the one that reaches back to a very basic tennant of business- Customer Focus. As an individual search user, I am not treated as a customer. I am more like raw material being consumed. My profile is important but my customer values are not. Who cares if I am served irrelevant or worse misleading links?

Bruce Stewart
Jan 8, 2007 22:15

The next wave of search, in my view, will have little to nothing to do with faster or more comprehensive “correction” of a search (e.g. ignoring apostrophes, periods, common misspellings, etc.), all things Google does well enough now.

The next wave will instead potentially offer several new services:

1. Pattern recognition and search automation. If I am constantly looking for terms which collectively add up to “Wikinomics”, for instance, a “search bin of new entries” is kept current for me, or refreshed periodically. Moreover, my own usage allows the system to make suggestions and save me the trouble of creating/modifying/deleting old patterns.

2. Separately, it might look at what I choose to look at, and consider that in prioritization of results. If I find (to take but an example from our blog list on the side of the page) Clay Shirky, Ray Ozzie and Seth Godin and others in their circles useful (by clicking on those choices) and do not click on Media 3.0, Fast Company and Tim O’Reilly and others in their circles (by not clicking on those choices, or by not clicking more than once) then, despite the ‘normal’ sequence, I should see things I am likely to want to see early in the process – perhaps “salted” with one or two “close matches” to see if my choices expand/change.

3. Or perhaps the next engine actually analyses tone, language, quality of comments as well as postings, emotional indices, etc. and allows me to indulge/avoid the 99%+ of postings that are merely annoying to weed through (Sturgeon’s Law – that 90% of everything is bull—t – is upped by at least one order of magnitude in the blogosphere based on a cursory reading of comments on sites I actually want to follow).

4. Or finally perhaps the search engine pays attention to the content in some reasonable fashion and figures out the difference between the site that lists the works of Hemingway and the one that has the works of Hemingway. Or the one that indexes the sites with content vs the actual content. In other words, something that digs down to a layer of usefulness ordinary search does not do readily today.

There’s four value propositions for a Google-buster – or four new business lines for Google just as easily. For if they don’t seize these types of changes they will be displaced – and none of their “other services” are any more sticky than any of Yahoo!’s were. (I speak as someone with mail accounts and userids on both services; both are historical left-overs and neither is important to me any more.)

Coming soon in paperback! Help rename the paperback version of Macrowikinomics and win a one-hour webinar for you and your colleagues with Don Tapscott. Ends 5:00pm ET, August 31. Learn more.

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